Essay on Love and Gender in Twelfth Night -- Twelfth Night essays

Love and Gender in Twelfth Night   â â â Shakespeare's Twelfth Night looks at examples of adoration and romance through a winding of sexual orientation jobs. In Act 3, scene 1, Olivia shows the disarray made for the two characters and crowd as she assumes the generally male job of wooer trying to win the hidden Viola, or Cesario. Olivia acclaims Cesario's magnificence and afterward addresses him with the conviction that his disdain (3.1.134) just uncovers his shrouded love. Be that as it may, Olivia's mixed up understanding of Cesario's way is just the surface issue introduced by her discourse. The truth of Cesario's sexual orientation, the dynamic job Olivia takes in seeking after him/her, and the duality of word implications in this section take steps to turn the customary male centric idea of romance topsy turvy, or as Olivia says turn night to early afternoon (139).   â â â â â â â â â â Perhaps the greatest bombshell to the conventional structure is the likelihood that Olivia might be infatuated with a lady. Shakespeare permits his crowd to pardon this by having Olivia be ignorant that Cesario is really female. However, Olivia's fascination appears to stem precisely from the more female attributes like Cesario's wonderful contempt and irate lip (136-137). Olivia's words permit a crowd of people, especially an advanced one, to maybe peruse her as suspecting or in any event, realizing that Cesario is female, yet deciding to cherish him/her in any case.   â â â â â â â â â â Olivia's depiction of Cesario's excellence, both here and upon their first experience, commends commonly female characteristics, however inquisitively doesn't scrutinize Cesario's sexual orientation. The examination of adoration to blame entices the perusers psyche to think about whether Olivia is blameworthy about her affection for such female traits. Olivia's promise on womanhood ... ...ess Ltd, 1972. 222-43. Burton, Robert. The Anatomy of Melancholy. Ed. Floyd Dell, New York: Tudor Publishing Company, 1927. David, R. W., ed. The Arden Shakespeare: Love's Labor's Lost. London: Methuen, 1951. Dusinberre, Juliet. Shakespeare and the Nature of Women. London: Macmillan Press Ltd, 1975. Erasmus, Desiderius. In Praise of Folly. Trans. Hoyt Hopewell Hudson, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1970. Hotson, Leslie. Shakespeare's Motley. New York: Oxford University Press, 1952. Potter, Lois. Twelfth Night: Text and Performance. London: Macmillan, 1985. Shakespeare, William. The Norton Shakespeare. Altered Stephen Greenblatt et al. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1997. Zijderveld, Anton J. Reality in a Looking-Glass: Rationality through an Analysis of Traditional Folly. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982. Â

Country Risk Analysis

Running head: COUNTRY RISK ANALYSIS Balance of Payment The present record equalization of China adds up to 297. 1 bn US$ in the money related year 2009, though for the Guatemala it adds up to - 0. 62 bn US$ in the equivalent money related year (China's current-account balance 1982-2009). This suggests the present record parity of the nation of origin remained at surplus when contrasted with that of the host nation. Undoubtedly, it adds up to 109. bn US$ in 2009 for China though for Guatemala was far less contrasted with that of China which infers that the nation of origin's capital record balance is likewise at surplus in contrast with that of host nation. Aside from the present record and the capital record adjusts of both the nations, the official gold holding of China as on December 2009 adds up to 1054 tons which was proportional to 1. 5% of the of the national forex hold, while for that of Guatemala, it was 6. tons in the equivalent money related year identical to that of 4. 5% of the national forex hold (Guatemala Economic Statistics and Indicators, 2010). Government factors: The administration of China has been effectively engaged with defining a successful monetary arrangement so the key undertakings can be handily financed by giving government obligation. Aside from the financial approach, the money related arrangement is detailed in coordination to that of the monetary strategy in order to advance monetary development by containing emptying to the degree conceivable. To the extent the financial and the monetary strategy of Guatemala is concerned, a progression of basic change is finished with an essential intention to build the financial proficiency by fortifying parity of installments and controlling swelling. The money related rate has been steady a result of the exacting financial organization and the plenitude of normal assets. The legitimate court arrangement of china depends on common law which was separated into four level court arrangement of which at the most elevated level is the preeminent individuals' court, at that point neighborhood individuals' court and court of exceptional purview lso known as unique court. All these degree of court frameworks guarantee decency in all the lawful procedures at china. The lawful arrangement of Guatemala adheres to an a greater amount of standard European prosecutorial model which suggests giving proof to the adjudicator in an open court in order to empower him to take choices dependent on the proof introduced. As the choices taken by the adjudicator dependent on the proof outcomes into right choices, this infers the reasonableness of the Guatemala's court framework (Legal arrangement of Guatemala). The corporate laws and guidelines has been planned in China just as the Guatemala with a goal to secure the genuine rights and interests of organizations, investors and leasers (Company Law of the People's Republic of China, 2005). So as to follow the world exchange association concession to exchange related part of licensed innovation rights, China has reinforced its legitimate system and has likewise changed its protected innovation rights. Forgers and privateers has been the most in Chinese economy, accordingly it is fundamental to have a superior licensed innovation right condition in china. In spite of the fact that the responsibility from the focal government authority to handle the issue is very high yet it has not been fitting to prevent the major IPR encroachment. The licensed innovation right is likewise not secure in guatemala because of the expanded pilfered related exercises, thus government needs to make important move so as to tackle such critical issue. A worker's guild demonstration has been defined as per the constitution to ensure the places of worker's guild which at last prompts the improvement of china's communist developments. This demonstration secures the lawful privileges of the workers. The exercises of the association in the Guatemala has been lamentable. It has been progressively disregarded after the authorization of Dominican republic focal America exchange understanding. The means taken by the administration gets incapable in tending to this worry (Labor Rights in Guatemala). Foundation: The transportation office in China is improving as the legislature of china is putting colossal assets in the advancement of streets, parkway and turnpike. Comparative is the condition in container of Guatemala where government is effectively taking an interest in improving the transportation offices. The port of Tianjin is a global exchanging port china of whose the land zone is in excess of 20 km. Vessels of 70000-80000 dwt can cruise in on the tide. Its through put was around 57. 87million tons. A notification on the administration of outside exchange facilitated commerce zone has been given by the service of business and the general office of the general organization which explains the route through which remote exchange and circulation rights can be gotten by the administrators inside the zone. In Guatemala additionally, there are different organized commerce zones alongside numerous modern parks which results into upper hand for the speculators (China: Trading in Free Trade Zones, 2006). The banking, ecological and the instructive variables are fairly comparative in both the nations. The banking in china has experienced loads of changes and it has stay in the hands of the legislature significantly after banks has given more self-sufficiency. The instructive action with respect to the legislature is expanding in Guatemala as the training spending plan represented 15. % of the focal government spending plan. The natural issues in Guatemala are according to soil disintegration, corrosive downpour, water contamination and so on , while inordinate development has likewise brought different ecological issues up in china. References: Company Law of the People's Republic of China, 2005. Recovered April 24, 2010 from http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/bizchina/2006-04/17/content_56925 8. htm China: Trading in Free Trade Zones, 2006. Recovered April 24, 2010 from http://www. hg. organization/articles/article_1191. tml China's current-account balance 1982-2009. Recovered April 24, 2010 from http://www. chinability. com/CurrentAccount. htm Guatemala Economic Statistics and Indicators, 2010. Recovered April 24, 2010 from http://www. economywatch. com/financial measurements/nation/Guatemala/Legal arrangement of guatemala. Recovered April 24, 2010 from www. oas. organization/juridico/Mla/en/gtm/en_gtm-int-portrayal. pdf Labor Rights in Guatemala. Recovered April 24, 2010 from www. ghrc-usa. organization/Publications/factsheet_LaborRights. pdf

2.670 Summary

2.670 Summary Today was the last day of 2.670. I had wanted to make a really cool modification to my engine by making it a generator, but I didnt have enough time to make it work. Anyway, I spent all morning putting together the pieces and I managed to finish at 3:31 and the competition started at 3:30. There were some reallllly cool engines. Many people decorated their engines by using the water jet or CNC mill to etch designs into their flywheel, cylinder plate, and bearing plates. Basically, you draw the design that you want on a 3D CAD program like Solidworks (see image below of a flywheel I designed for fun) and then use another program to take your drawing and tell the machine exactly how to make your part by defining the tool paths. Then, open your file on the computer connected to CNC mill or water jet, and bam! It makes your part for you. Everyone lined up their engines and ran them at the same time: [] Here are some examples of pretty engines. The first one won the award for Best Craftsmanship; its missing some major parts because it wasnt completed by the time I took this pictures. But, the flywheel has little mice on it, the bearing plate has bars, and the cylinder plate has cheese, so when the flywheel turns its supposed to look like the mice are running for the cheese. [] Dragons: [] LEDs mounted on the flywheel with a battery: [] Below are examples of modified engines that have been designed to go faster. The idea behind making them vertical is because it minimizes friction. One of them has fins and they all try to maximize the heat delivered to the hot side of the engine. [] This is a picture of Professor Hart. Picture of me and my best buddy, Maria (can you tell that we love our engines?) Marias engine was particularly cool because one of her parts hit the flywheel so it made a great tapping noise. It was an engine/musical instrument. Our engines: To see a video of my engine running, click here! I didnt get it to run in time for the speed competition, but afterwards I worked on it some more and got it go at a max of 750 rpm. Moral of the story is to be persistent.

Loneliness in the Novel Plainsong by Kent Haruf - 610 Words

Plainsong is a novel written by Kent Haruf, that takes place in Holt Colorado. In this book Tom Guthrie is left to take care of his two boys, Ike and Bobby, as a single parent after their mother left them. Victoria Roubideaux grew up without a father figure, her mom kicked her out after she found out she was pregnant and Victoria was left to find somewhere else to live. And the McPheron brothers live out in the country by themselves taking care of their cattle. The theme of this novel is loneliness, every one of these characters are experiencing loneliness throughout this book. Tom Guthrie and his two boys, Ike and Bobby, began the theme of loneliness right from the start when their mother was so depressed and wouldn’t come out of her room. The boys would go to check on her everyday and try to get her to come down stairs even to join the family for dinner but she wouldn’t get out of bed. But the reason Ella, their mother, wouldn’t leave her room because she was in such a state of depression and felt as if she was all alone. Eventually she realized there was nothing her boys could do to make her feel any better so she decided that moving out of the house would be best for all of them. But when she did this they boys felt as if they no longer had a mother, and Tom was left to raising their children all by himself. This sense of loneliness put a strain on everyone in the family; Ike and Bobby continuously asked Tom if their mother was every going to return home. Their fatherShow MoreRelatedEssay about Plainsong by Kent Haruf634 Words   |   3 PagesPlainsong by Kent Haruf Kent Haruf was born and raised on the north east plains of Colorado and attended Nebraska Weslegan University and The University of Iowa. After he graduated he owned a chicken ranch in Colorado, work at the Royal Gorge Bridge and was in the peace corps before he settled down to teach at the University of Iowa. He has had much experience in small town life, which is why his book, Plainsong is so beautifully written. Haruf has first hand experience in the gossip, drama

Conflict Management and Emotional Intelligence - 63003 Words

Southern Cross University ePublications@SCU Theses 2010 Conflict management and emotional intelligence Yu Fai Leung Southern Cross University, keith.leung.yu.fai@gmail.com Suggested Citation Leung, YF 2010, Conflict management and emotional intelligence , DBA thesis, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW. Copyright YF Leung 2010 ePublications@SCU is an electronic repository administered by Southern Cross University Library. Its goal is to capture and preserve the intellectual output of Southern Cross University authors and researchers, and to increase visibility and impact through open access to researchers around the world. For further information please contact epubs@scu.edu.au. Conflict Management†¦show more content†¦V Table of contents Statement of original authorship Acknowledgments Page II III IV Abstract Introduction 1 1.1 Background to the research 1 1.2 Research issues and contributions 4 1.3 Justification for the research 6 1.4 Research Method 1.5 Outline of the dissertation 11 1.6 Definitions of Terms 12 1.7 Delimitations of scope and key assumptions 16 1.8 Conclusion 1 8 17 2 Literature Review 20 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Parent theories and classification modelsShow MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence And Conflict Management758 Words   |  4 PagesTAYLOR: EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 2 There are countless diverse titles in a business that necessitate different knowledge, talents and competences. Therefore, this is of significance to businesses in ensuring leaders who are capable to motivate, comprehend and get their groups to work collectively. Many businesses should be looking to progress their performance and efficiency through obtaining and employing the right individuals in leadership ranks.Read MoreThe Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence And Conflict Management Style4185 Words   |  17 PagesTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLE 1. Introduction Conflict is not something new to us. Every single day we might involve in the conflict. Conflict has occurred since the existence of human beings. Conflict occurred either in person or between other individuals. Conflict can happen when we faced negative situation with family, colleagues, supervisor, customers and others. The early approach of conflict assumed all conflict was negative and to beRead MoreEmotional Intelligence, Conflict Management Styles And Organizational Job Performance Of Bank Employees2961 Words   |  12 PagesEmotional Intelligence, Conflict Management Styles and Organizational Job Performance of Bank Employees Dhivya.D* and U.Gowri** Till recently, Intelligence Quotient is considered as a measure of excellence. In the current business world IQ and technical abilities alone not help to succeed in the work. Emotional intelligence also plays an important role in the workplace. Emotional intelligence is the capacity to identify, manage and assess emotions of a person. 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The review will include an overview of the behaviors, conflict resolution, and educating leadership on communication strategies. A variety of resources will be utilized for reviews of literature pertinent to the project and to answer the research question. Textbooks, professional periodicals and journals, onlineRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Physical Intelligence1655 Words   |  7 PagesEmotional Intelligence 2.0 In today’s society, there is a lot of emphasis placed on getting along with others. When working in a healthcare environment, this is especially important. We must be able to work well with a wide variety of personalities. Whether dealing with a difficult patient, a hostile coworker or handling our own emotions, it is necessary to be able to keep our own thoughts and emotions in check in order to have successful outcomes. I have decided to learn more about EmotionalRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Interpersonal Intelligence912 Words   |  4 PagesEmotional Intelligence Picture a world where humans could not understand each other’s feelings. It looks pretty bleak, right? Luckily, humans do have the ability to comprehend others’ facial and body expressions, emotions, and language. Since this is such a beneficial and amazing power that we hold, it has been labeled as a sort of intelligence- emotional intelligence. The ability to control and express our emotions, as well as understand, recognize, and response to others’ emotions is essentialRead MoreThe Skills And Knowledge I Learned Through The Course1510 Words   |  7 Pagesin leadership such as management vs leadership, emotional intelligence, team stages of development, situational leadership, servant leadership, and Myers-Brigs Personality assessment tool. Also, while taking this course, I also identified my dependable strengths as well as my areas of weakness. At the beginning, I will talk about my personal definition of leadership. Then, I will summarize my self-evaluation/self-assessment by using MBTI, Big 5, and Emotional Intelligence. I will also talk aboutRead MoreAn Individual s Level Of Emotional Intelligence1524 Words   |  7 PagesAn individual’s level of emotional intelligence can have an impact on their performance as a teacher? There is a great deal of individuals that boast the intellectual intelligence to become teacher’s, but an alarming number of them are failing to sustain the emotional strength required to maintain excellence in their careers. Nobody can deny that teaching is a highly stressful, demanding and challenging profession, but how much of this stress and fatigue can be relieved by teachers managing theirRead MoreEmotions in Negotiations1669 Words   |  7 Pagesalone the emotions of the other person or group. As educated people, we often try to ignore the influence of emotions on decision-making. Neuroscience evidence now shows that sound and rational decision making is contingent on prior accurate emotional processing. The basis for this is the somatic marker hypothesis. The somatic marker hypothesis provides a systems level neuroanatomical and cognitive framework for decision-making, the impact, and influence on it by emotions. The key idea of this

Social Network Free Essays

One way to understand social-networking sites like Facebook and MySpace is to consider that younger digital natives are not necessarily being exhibitionists when they post photographs of themselves and share personal details there. Instead, these users are living a life in which consciousness is spread out evenly over two platforms: real life and the Web. Rather than feeling schizophrenic or somehow pathological, digital natives understand that these two realms divide the self much as speech and the written word divide language, a division that humans have lived with for a long time without going bonkers. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Network or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Sarah Frere-Jones, â€Å"Living on the Radio,† The New Yorker, April 20, 2009) Assignment: Do social-networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace enhance a young person’s social life or serve as a substitute for a real social life? Compose an essay in which you develop your point of view on this topic. Support your position with arguments and examples drawn from your reading, studies, experience, and observations. **http://grammar. about. com/od/developingessays/a/SATtopic1. htm The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of social networking. Specifically it will discuss the impact of the social networking site Facebook on today’s society. Facebook has become a phenomenon for the social networking set, and what makes that so amazing is that Facebook did not even exist until 2004. Three college students created it to allow other students to network and meet each other, and it has caught on with young people around the globe. What impact does Facebook have on today’s technologically advanced society? It allows people who probably never would have met each other in person to communicate, it creates new relationships and friendships, and it places distance between people who could communicate in person but instead choose to communicate online, instead. It is just another element of society that is interested in sharing information with the intimacy of a close, personal relationship. Facebook is nothing more than a medium for communication, and yet, it is so much more than that. At a glance, a user can learn everything from what gender a Facebook member is, to what religion they believe in, what school they attend, and their likes and dislikes, all with the click of a mouse. How to cite Social Network, Essay examples

Money as a form of motivation in the work place

Motivation is described as the forces that account for the stimulation, assortment, course and continuance of behavior[1]. This then means that quite a number of things can motivate people as motivation is goal oriented behavior.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Money as a form of motivation in the work place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People tend to do things for the rewards they will receive at the end of the task or at the end of a period of time. Money, at the work place is one of the things that get people to work harder. This then shows that money can and is used as a motivational factor in the work place so that employees can strive to give their best and their all at the end of the day. Nowadays, people tend to look at how much they are going to get paid rather than job satisfaction, hence in this light money becomes a motivational force for the workplace and for the employees. In short, money makes people wake up in the morning to go to work, sit behind a desk for eight or more hours and go back home tired at the end of the day ready to repeat the whole process again the following day. When workers are money motivated, they will carry out their duties effectively, efficiently and thoroughly so that they can make as much money as possible in the shortest time possible. According to management study guide, Motivation is very important in an organization as it improves the level of efficiency of employees which in turn leads to an increase in productivity, reducing the cost of operations and improving overall efficiency. Motivation in the work place also leads to achievement of organizational goals. Organizational goals are achieved when co-ordination and cooperation take place at the same time which can effectively be achieved through money motivation[2]. Motivation plays a big role when it comes to survival of organizations. If the way to fully motivate employees is to offer th em money then organizations will offer their employees money so as to motivate them fully in their work therefore improving the organization as a whole. Employers need to also appreciate what inspires employees within the environment of their work and the responsibility that they perform.[3] There are theories of motivation of employees that are linked to money in one way or another. Different researchers came up with different theories explaining the needs of workers:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Abraham Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy Theory (1983), â€Å"Employees have five levels of needs: physiological, safety, social, ego and self-actualizing. Physiological needs are important as they sustain human life and one cannot survive without them. They are; food, water, warmth, shelter, sleep, medicine and education. Safety needs are the needs to be free of ph ysical danger, fear of losing a job, property, and protection against emotional harm. Social needs include the need to belong and acceptance from others not forgetting the need for affection and friendship. Ego/esteem needs include satisfaction of power, prestige status and self confidence while self actualization is the drive to become â€Å"what one is capable of becoming, it includes growth, achieving one’s potential and self fulfillment†[4]. (Maslow 1943) Maslow insisted that for one to move on successfully to the next level, the wishes at the lower level have to be completely achieved and fulfilled so as to be motivated by the higher needs level. In simple terms, for example, one would not be motivated by social status before he has achieved security or one would not be motivated by safety before he can afford the basic needs, food, shelter, clothing, education, medication, water and sleep. This shows that individuals have to work hard to get enough money so as to satisfy their needs and the needs of their dependants fully. In such a scenario, an employee would be motivated by the money he receives at the end of the work period as then would the employee be able to fulfill his needs therefore proving Maslow’s hierarchy needs theory. According to Shah, and Professor Shah; and Vroom in reference to Vroom’s Valence x Expectancy theory: employee effort will lead to performance which will lead to rewards. The theory focuses on three things: efforts and performance relationship, performance and reward relationship, rewards and personal goal relationship[5]. The theory states that the force of inclination to behave in a certain way depends on the strength of anticipation that the act will be followed by a specific result and on the allure of that result to the individual. In simple terms, valence x expectancy theory states that an employee can be motivated to work harder when their belief is that hard work will result in awareness of individual targets in form of some prize; the prize in this case being money.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Money as a form of motivation in the work place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rewards can either be positive or negative, the more positive the reward the higher the level of motivation of the employee goes, while the more negative the reward, the less the level of motivation for the employee. In this sense money is seen as the positive reward, encouraging the employee to work harder and more effectively as the results of the employee’s hard work are positive, generating money for the employee, while loss of income is looked as the negative reward. Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory states that certain aspects in the work place result in job satisfaction but when these aspects are abolished they lead to dissatisfaction.[6] In his theory Herzberg states that intrinsic factors are rela ted to job satisfaction, while extrinsic aspects are related to dissatisfaction. He based this theory on the question: â€Å"what do people want from their Jobs? he carried out a research and concluded that removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job does not necessarily make the job satisfying.† He claims that certain aspects when present in the work place make employees more motivated to work but when these aspects are absent, there is less motivation in the work place. In this scenario money bonuses can be seen as the aspect that brings more motivation to the work place and when there is absence of money there is less motivation amongst the employees. For example, if employees are told they will be paid extra money to come to work during public holidays and weekends, majority of the employees will show up as they are expecting a bonus which is in form of a sum of money at the end of the day. In this way money acts as a motivator to the employees who would give up the ir weekends and holidays with the aim of receiving a certain amount of money. Herzberg pointed out that there are two types of peoples needs: hygiene factors create dissatisfaction when they are missing and create satisfaction when they are there , employees often tend to take existence of these factors for granted for example; salary, working conditions, or job security. Motivators; contribute to satisfaction for example recognition in the work place, promotion, responsibility just to mention but a few. To achieve high motivation and employee output, motivation and hygiene factors must be used together[7]. In reference to Jeremy Bentham’s the carrot and stick approach, individuals are driven by their own self-interest and they are motivated by the desire to avoid pain at all costs and achieve maximum pleasure at the lowest possible cost. â€Å"An employee will work only if the reward is attractive and big enough or if the punishment is sufficiently horrible.†Advertisi ng Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The carrot in this theory refers to the rewards while the stick refers to the punishment, in simpler terms employers use the system of rewards and punishment to induce certain behavior traits in their employees. In majority of motivational theories, some kind of ‘carrot’ are recognized and awarded to individuals in this case money, or some form of financial bonuses like a paid vacation, a company car that one does not have to fuel are used as motivational aspects for employees to keep working hard so that they can enjoy the financial rewards at the end of the day. The issue with the carrot approach is that more often than not, individuals get the reward, in spite of their performance levels. The stick on the other hand refers to the punishments accorded to individuals who do not perform their duties well. In the form of fear; fear of loss of job, loss of income, reduction of a bonus, demotion or some other form of consequence has, is, and will still continue being an ef fective way of motivation among employees. The thought of loosing ones job and not having a steady income creates fear in the employees who work hard to keep their jobs and secure their income. The stick approach results in poor quality work, defensive behavior from the employees and it is not the best way to use when it comes to motivation of employees. Through the stick approach employees tend to fear and work because they have no other choice and they want to keep their jobs and get income at the end of the day. In using the carrot and stick approach to influence motivation among employees one ought to be careful so that the rewards, money and the penalties that is, loss of employment balance out. In this way an employer will have a peaceful working environment for his employees and himself. Money offers and financial bonuses should be attractive enough and sufficient enough for the employee needs so that they can work hard not only for their benefit but for the benefit of the em ployer and organization at large[8]. According to B.F. Skinner he uses the term operant conditioning to illustrate the effects of the outcomes of a specific character trait on the future repetition of the particular behavior. â€Å"There are four kinds of operant conditioning: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment and extinction. Positive and negative reinforcement fortify behavior while on the other hand punishment and extinction deteriorate behavior.† Positive reinforcement encourages behavior in that it offers rewards after certain good behaviors are observed for example; if your work is outstanding one gets an extra bonus and perhaps a promotion. Negative reinforcement on removes a stress factor as a result of good behavior. For example, economic sanctions being lifted from a country due to an improvement on their corruption levels. Extinction refers to getting no reward for something one has done. For example: if one is not getting paid for overtime, they stop working over time. Punishment is where one has to pay for their behaviors, for example; not getting paid the day one comes into work late[9]. In this case of operant conditioning money can be seen as positive and negative reinforcement. This means that the rewards an employee gets for working hard are in form of money either a bonus, or an increase in salary the more the money, the higher the level of motivation among employees . Punishment and extinction in this case can be looked at as loss of work, loss of a steady income and this will lower motivation levels among the employees. People have witnessed workers striking around the world due to payment issues that have arisen from delayed wages, salary arrears, more taxes, or minimum wages. Employee strikes have become a common site mostly due to the financial situations. When employees refuse to work and strike or go on a go-slow, the employer suffers a lot as work becomes stagnant. Most employees strike due to lack of m otivation in the financial aspect. In the United Kingdom, college staff of the University and College Union went on strike over pay changes. The employees were demanding a standardized payment scheme while the college was proposing a new scheme that would pay employees according to the number of people passing a course. From this example, we see that the financial security of the employees was threatened hence they decided to go on strike to force their employer to reconsider his decision. We see that indeed money was the motivating factor here and since money was to be taken out of the picture, the employees reacted and made their opinions known as well as securing their income[10]. In England, July 8th 2010, 200 workers walked out of the Astrum plant in Stanhope that manufactures tank track over lack of a pay rise that was to be given during the year. The employees, complained that overtime had been banned and that talks for a pay rise had not succeeded. This shows that the overti me and pay raise motivated the employees to work hard and gave them an incentive to go to work each morning as they knew that they would have something to look forward to at the end of the day. This price they were looking forward to was the overtime pay and the pay rise which when both of them were canceled pushed the workers to strike. This shows that money is indeed a motivational factor in the work place and that without money work would not take place as effectively as it should.[11] In Middle East, the first ever workers strike was witnessed in Turkey, in the IT sector on the 9th of July 2010. The employees went on strike claiming that their salaries were far much lower than those who worked in other companies in the same positions. This shows that the employees felt cheated and used as their knowledge and hard work was not being rewarded accordingly. These employees wanted to feel appreciated by their colleagues and their employer and wanted to feel equal to their fellow empl oyees who worked in other companies. They claimed that collective bargaining about the salaries and failed and that they would resume work only if their salaries were raised to the standard of their colleagues in other companies.[12] In Africa, Egyptian textile workers recommence their demonstrations over owing wages after guarantees of payments went unpaid for four months. The workers had not received payment from the year 2007; this made the workers vow not to go back to work until they were paid. Abraham Maslow’s notes â€Å"after a 21- day sit-in by employees outside parliament buildings, an agreement between the Manpower Ministry and Immigration and Bank Misr agreed that the employees were going to be paid LE 106 million which they were owed.†[13] This scenario shows and reinforces the idea that money is a huge motivational factor when it comes to employees as without money the employees do not work. When these Egyptian employees were promised to be paid the first time they went back to work hoping that the employer would keep his word and pay them as he had promised. After four months of no pay, the aggravated employees decided to go on strike and even sit outside parliament buildings to make sure that their voices were heard and their needs taken care off. If money was not a motivational factor for employees they would not have gone on strike they would have kept on working but because money is a big motivational factor for employees they went on strike and demanded to be paid for their hard work[14]. In Nigeria, health and medical workers suspended their on-going industrial action because the government agreed to pay 50% of their arrears. They however gave the government an ultimatum that if their arrears were not going to be paid in the course of a week’s time they would resume their industrial action. This shows that money is the underlying factor for employees in all job sectors. If the health workers go on strike it means sick people are suffering more than they should be as they are not being attended they way they should be attended to. The Nigerian government then shifted the payment issue to the bank claiming that the banks were holding the money for their own selfish interests. This however does not matter to the employees as all they want is their money paid so that they could fulfill the needs and wants. This situation again shows distinctively that money is an underlying factor that motivates employees to work and work hard for that matter[15] In conclusion, this paper has proved that indeed money is a motivational factor in relation to employees at the work place. Nobody wants to get tired working for nothing so the incentives at the end of the day, that is salary and bonuses give individuals the strength and zeal to work everyday without complaining that they have to go thorough the same routine every single day. Money has become a motivational factor at the workplace because every single thing in the world is becoming expensive due to the inflation rates that seem to be escalating every single day. Without money, it is extremely difficult for one to survive so one has to work hard at their jobs so as to earn enough money to sustain themselves and their dependants. Money is the driving force behind all jobs that an individual takes up. Majority of employees all want to become millionaires or billionaires at one point in their lives so that they could stop working and sit back and enjoy the fruits of their labor Money motivates and provides incentives to employees to give their all when at work as once they have the money in their hands there is a level of satisfaction that they have achieved and this satisfaction encourages then to work more harder so as keep getting the money. Money is a motivational factor for employees as it allows them to purchase luxury items and enjoy their money in any way they feel like. Without money many people who are employees in one place or a nother, would not be able to purchase items like cars, houses, entertainment systems for their houses just to mention but a few. Money also brings about status quo among employees and respect. In the world today, the more money you have the more respect you get from other people. Individuals tend to compare themselves in terms of how much money they have in their bank accounts. Musicians are producing songs about how much money they have so as to get respect not only from their peers but also from other people. The kind of car one drives and the kind of house one lives in will earn one respect and this is all possible because of the amount of money one has that comes from ones hard work. In short money makes the world go round, if one has enough money, ones world will spin smoothly and efficiently according to his needs, on the other hand if one does not have money, yes, ones world will spin but it will have difficulties and major ones for that matter as one will be unable to take c are of his needs let alone the needs of the people who depend on him. Money is a form of motivation for employees in that the more they work, the more money they get to contribute to their monthly pensions and the more the monthly pensions gain interest therefore at the end of the working term, one will be looking forward to a huge amount of money that resulted from his hard work. For Example, retirements benefits corporate offer this attractive package to employees increasing their motivation in their work. Bibliography An, ‘Theories of motivation’, Analytictech , 2003, Retrieved from http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/motivation.htm An, ‘Importance of motivation’, Management study guide, 2001, Retrieved from http://www.managementsudyguide.com/importance_of_motivation.htm Bentham, J., Jeremy Bentham: Life, Influence and Perspectives on his thought, Routledge, New York, 1993. Biehler, R. Snowman, J., Psychology Applied to Teaching, 12th ed, Houghton Mifflin , New York, 1997. Knights, D Willmott, H, Organizational behavior and management, London, Thomson Learning, 2007. Maslow, A H, ‘A theory of human motivation,’ Psychological Review, vol. 25, 1943, pp. 370-396. Shah. K Shah, J P, Vroom,V. H. work and motivation, Laynetworks, 2000, Retrieved from http://laynetworks.com/theories-of-motivation.html Ukwuoma, B, Muanya, C Olayinka C, ‘Health workers suspend strike, govt to pay 50% arrears’, 2000, Retrieved from http://news.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=6107z=12 Vroom, V.H. Work and Motivation, Krieger Publishing Company, Manhattan,1982, pp. 48. ‘Workers Struggles: Europe, Middle East Africa’, World Socialist 2010, Retrieved from http://www.wsws.org/articles/2010/wrks-j16.shtml Footnotes R Biehler J Snowman, Psychology Applied to Teaching, 12th ed. Houghton Mifflin, New York, 1997, 399. Management study guide: importance of motivation V h Vroom, Work and Motivation, Krieger Publishing Company, M anhattan, 1982, pp. 48. A Maslow, ‘A theory of human motivation,’ Psychological Review, vol. 25, 1943, pp. 370-396. K Shah J Shah, Vroom,V. H. work and motivation, Laynetworks, 2000, Retrieved from http://laynetworks.com/theories-of-motivation.html D Knights H Willmott, Organizational behavior and management, London, Thomson Learning, 2007, 83. D Knights H Willmott, Organizational behavior and management, London, Thomson Learning, 2007, 104. J Bentham, Jeremy Bentham: Life, Influence and Perspectives on his thought, Routledge, New York, 1993, 65. An, ‘Theories of motivation’, Analytictech.com, 2003, Retrieved from http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/motivation.htm ‘Workers Struggles: Europe, Middle East Africa’, World Socialist, 16th July 2010, viewed on http://www.wsws.org/articles/2010/wrks-j16.shtml ‘Workers Struggles: Europe, Middle East Africa’, World Socialist, 16th July 2010, viewed on http://www.wsws.org/articles/2010/wr ks-j16.shtml ‘Workers Struggles: Europe, Middle East Africa’, World Socialist, 2010, Retrieved from http://www.wsws.org/articles/2010/wrks-j16.shtml A H Maslow, ‘A theory of human motivation,’ Psychological Review, vol. 25, 1943, pp. 370-396. ‘Workers Struggles: Europe, Middle East Africa’, World Socialist, 2010, Retrieved from http://www.wsws.org/articles/2010/wrks-j16.shtml B Ukwuoma, C Muanya C Olayinka, ‘Health workers suspend strike, govt to pay 50% arrears’, 2000, Retrieved from http://news.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=6107z=12 This essay on Money as a form of motivation in the work place was written and submitted by user Lilly Cunningham to help you with your own studies. 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